This chapter I introduce, what happens in your body when you contact the coronaviruses, what causes your body to develop pneumonia, how would a coronavirus vaccine work, how does the process role out coronaviruses testing in India, Testing protocols, ICGEB Delhi researchers for India.
This is SARS -COVE-2, it belongs to the family of coronaviruses named for the crown-like spikes on their surfaces. SARS -COVA-2 can cause COVID -19 a contagious viral infraction, the attacks primarily your throat and Lungs.
The coronaviruses must infect living cells to reproduce let's have a closer look inside the virus genetic material contains the information to make more copies of itself a protein shell provides a hard protective enclosure for the genetic material as the virus travels between the people it infects an outer envelope allows the virus to infect cells by merging with the cells outer membrane projecting from the envelope and spikes of protein molecules both a typical influenza virus and the new coronavirus use their spike-like a key to get inside a cell in your body.
Where it takes over the cells internal machinery repurposing it to build the components of new viruses. When an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, droplets carrying the virus may land in your mouth or nose and then move into your lungs once inside your body. The virus comes in contact with cells in your throat, nose or lungs. One spike on the virus inserts into a receptor molecule on your healthy cell membrane like a key in a lock. This action allows the virus to get inside your cell a typical flu virus would travel inside a sac made from your cell membrane to your cell's nucleus that houses all its genetic material. The coronavirus, on the other hand, doesn't need to enter the host cell nucleus. It can directly access parts of the host cell called ribosomes. Ribosomes use genetic information from the virus to make viral proteins such as the spikes on the viruses surface. A packaging structure in your cell then carries the spikes in vesicles that merge with your cell's other layers. The cell membrane all the parts needed to create a new virus gathered just beneath your cell membrane. Then a new virus begins to butt off from the cell membrane. Now the virus spreading in your body.
Each lung has separate sections called lobes. Normally as you breathe air moves freely through your trachea or windpipe. Then through large tubes called bronchi and small tubes called bronchioles and finally into tiny sacs called alveoli. Your airways and alveoli are flexible and springy. When you breathe in each air sac inflates like a small balloon and when you exhale the sacs deflate small blood vessels called capillaries to surround your alveoli. Oxygen from the air you breathe passes into your capillaries and then carbon dai oxide from your body passes out of your capillaries into your alveoli. So that your lungs can get rid of it when you exhale your airways catch most germs in the mucus that lines your trachea bronchi and bronchioles. In a healthy body hair-like cilia lining the tubes constantly push the mucus and germs out of your airways where you might expel them by coughing. Normally cells of your immune system attack viruses and germs that make it past your mucus and cilia and enter your alveoli. However, if your immune system is weakened like in the case of a coronavirus infection the virus can overwhelm your immune cells and your bronchioles and alveoli became inflamed as your immune system attacks the multiplying viruses. The information can cause your alveoli to fill with fluid making it difficult for your body to get the oxygen it needs, you could develop low burn pneumonia. where one lobe of your lungs as affected or you could have bronchopneumonia. That affects many areas of both lung pneumonia may cause difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing, fever and chills, confusion, headaches, muscle pain, and fatigue. It can also lead to more serious complications respiratory failure occurs when your breathing becomes so difficult that you need a machine called a ventilator to help you breathe. These are the machine save lives and that medical companies currently ramp up production for whether you would develop these symptoms depends on a lot of factors such as your agent whether you already have an existing condition.
While this all sound scary the push to develop a coronavirus vaccine is moving at high-speed studies of other coronaviruses led most researchers to assume that people who have recovered from a SARS -COV-2 infection could be protected from reinfection for a while but that assumption needs to be backed by empirical evidence and some studies suggest otherwise there are several different approaches for a potential vaccine against the coronavirus. The basic idea is that you would get a shot that contains faint versions of the virus. The vaccine would expose your body to a version of the virus that is two weeks to cause infection but just strong enough to stimulate an immune response within a few weeks cells in your immune system would make markers called antibodies. Which would be specific for only the coronavirus or specifically its spike protein antibodies. Then attached to the virus and prevent it from attaching to your cells your immune system then responds to signals from the antibodies by consuming and destroying the clumps of viruses .it you then catch the real virus at a later stage your body would recognize it and destroy it. In other words, your immune system is now bright collecting evidence on whether this will be possible safe and affective is part of what's taking researchers so long to develop a vaccine amid a pandemic each step in vaccine development usually takes months. It, not years and the Ebola vaccine broke records by being ready in five years. The hope here is to develop one for the new coronavirus in a record-breaking 12 to 18 months while all this will take time to stay home if you can to protect the most vulnerable and don't forget to wash your hand for at last 20 seconds and as often as possible.
In second-largest populated country in the world is India. This time does not have any proper test kit for coronaviruses testing. India using coronavirus testing method PCR is a large time method. India has now disused to open testing of COVID - 19 to privet laboratory. India Govt. approved 22 privet laboratory's for COVID-19 testing and they have 15,500 collection centers in hole India.
ICGEB teams study in five patients and they belong to five different countries, under leadership Dr. Dinesh Gupta. They say every Indian have a genetic micro RNA in their body and this RNA help to fight COVID -19. This micro RNA can not be seen in other country's patient.
Every alive animal has DNA and RNA. RNA creates a double et DNA gens and smooth flow. RNA also transfer genetic materials in cells and combined different proteins.
This micro RNA mutant the COVID -19 and COVID -19 can not be explored in a large circle than other counties.
Some examples are proved these researchers -
NOTE:- Some scientist is expecting temperatures can somewhat resist the invasion of COVID -19.Its a good news for India.
This is SARS -COVE-2, it belongs to the family of coronaviruses named for the crown-like spikes on their surfaces. SARS -COVA-2 can cause COVID -19 a contagious viral infraction, the attacks primarily your throat and Lungs.
What happens in your body, when you contact the coronaviruses :-
The coronaviruses must infect living cells to reproduce let's have a closer look inside the virus genetic material contains the information to make more copies of itself a protein shell provides a hard protective enclosure for the genetic material as the virus travels between the people it infects an outer envelope allows the virus to infect cells by merging with the cells outer membrane projecting from the envelope and spikes of protein molecules both a typical influenza virus and the new coronavirus use their spike-like a key to get inside a cell in your body.
Where it takes over the cells internal machinery repurposing it to build the components of new viruses. When an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, droplets carrying the virus may land in your mouth or nose and then move into your lungs once inside your body. The virus comes in contact with cells in your throat, nose or lungs. One spike on the virus inserts into a receptor molecule on your healthy cell membrane like a key in a lock. This action allows the virus to get inside your cell a typical flu virus would travel inside a sac made from your cell membrane to your cell's nucleus that houses all its genetic material. The coronavirus, on the other hand, doesn't need to enter the host cell nucleus. It can directly access parts of the host cell called ribosomes. Ribosomes use genetic information from the virus to make viral proteins such as the spikes on the viruses surface. A packaging structure in your cell then carries the spikes in vesicles that merge with your cell's other layers. The cell membrane all the parts needed to create a new virus gathered just beneath your cell membrane. Then a new virus begins to butt off from the cell membrane. Now the virus spreading in your body.
What causes the body to develop pneumonia :-
Each lung has separate sections called lobes. Normally as you breathe air moves freely through your trachea or windpipe. Then through large tubes called bronchi and small tubes called bronchioles and finally into tiny sacs called alveoli. Your airways and alveoli are flexible and springy. When you breathe in each air sac inflates like a small balloon and when you exhale the sacs deflate small blood vessels called capillaries to surround your alveoli. Oxygen from the air you breathe passes into your capillaries and then carbon dai oxide from your body passes out of your capillaries into your alveoli. So that your lungs can get rid of it when you exhale your airways catch most germs in the mucus that lines your trachea bronchi and bronchioles. In a healthy body hair-like cilia lining the tubes constantly push the mucus and germs out of your airways where you might expel them by coughing. Normally cells of your immune system attack viruses and germs that make it past your mucus and cilia and enter your alveoli. However, if your immune system is weakened like in the case of a coronavirus infection the virus can overwhelm your immune cells and your bronchioles and alveoli became inflamed as your immune system attacks the multiplying viruses. The information can cause your alveoli to fill with fluid making it difficult for your body to get the oxygen it needs, you could develop low burn pneumonia. where one lobe of your lungs as affected or you could have bronchopneumonia. That affects many areas of both lung pneumonia may cause difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing, fever and chills, confusion, headaches, muscle pain, and fatigue. It can also lead to more serious complications respiratory failure occurs when your breathing becomes so difficult that you need a machine called a ventilator to help you breathe. These are the machine save lives and that medical companies currently ramp up production for whether you would develop these symptoms depends on a lot of factors such as your agent whether you already have an existing condition.
How would a vaccine work :-
While this all sound scary the push to develop a coronavirus vaccine is moving at high-speed studies of other coronaviruses led most researchers to assume that people who have recovered from a SARS -COV-2 infection could be protected from reinfection for a while but that assumption needs to be backed by empirical evidence and some studies suggest otherwise there are several different approaches for a potential vaccine against the coronavirus. The basic idea is that you would get a shot that contains faint versions of the virus. The vaccine would expose your body to a version of the virus that is two weeks to cause infection but just strong enough to stimulate an immune response within a few weeks cells in your immune system would make markers called antibodies. Which would be specific for only the coronavirus or specifically its spike protein antibodies. Then attached to the virus and prevent it from attaching to your cells your immune system then responds to signals from the antibodies by consuming and destroying the clumps of viruses .it you then catch the real virus at a later stage your body would recognize it and destroy it. In other words, your immune system is now bright collecting evidence on whether this will be possible safe and affective is part of what's taking researchers so long to develop a vaccine amid a pandemic each step in vaccine development usually takes months. It, not years and the Ebola vaccine broke records by being ready in five years. The hope here is to develop one for the new coronavirus in a record-breaking 12 to 18 months while all this will take time to stay home if you can to protect the most vulnerable and don't forget to wash your hand for at last 20 seconds and as often as possible.
How does the process role out coronavirus testing in India :-
In second-largest populated country in the world is India. This time does not have any proper test kit for coronaviruses testing. India using coronavirus testing method PCR is a large time method. India has now disused to open testing of COVID - 19 to privet laboratory. India Govt. approved 22 privet laboratory's for COVID-19 testing and they have 15,500 collection centers in hole India.
Testing Protocols -
- A prescription by Govt. doctor or a privet doctor mandatory.
- An identity card is needed for a test.
- The full disclosure form (44) needs to be signed.
- Privet labs must disclose results to ICMR ( Indian council of medical researchers).
- Privet labs can not charge more than 4500 per test. (This amount is more expensive for a common man ).
Suspect case
Send clinical samples for testing
Sample test negative -
- Discharge to be Governed by Diagnosis
- Up to the doctor decide
- Monitored for 14 days after contact.
Sample test positive -
- The confirmed case management protocol
- Discharge after chest Radiograph confirmed
- Discharge after 2 tests turns negative within 24 hours.
ICGEB (International Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology) a small researchers for India :-
ICGEB teams study in five patients and they belong to five different countries, under leadership Dr. Dinesh Gupta. They say every Indian have a genetic micro RNA in their body and this RNA help to fight COVID -19. This micro RNA can not be seen in other country's patient.
Every alive animal has DNA and RNA. RNA creates a double et DNA gens and smooth flow. RNA also transfer genetic materials in cells and combined different proteins.
This micro RNA mutant the COVID -19 and COVID -19 can not be explored in a large circle than other counties.
- When Wuhan is fully affected in COVID -19, this time India import many people to China but no one is affected by COVID -19.
- Then 18 Italian tourists come to Rajasthan and they contact thousands of people but on one positive except the driver.
- Then Kanika Kapor contacts more than 50 people but on one affected COVID -19.
NOTE:- Some scientist is expecting temperatures can somewhat resist the invasion of COVID -19.Its a good news for India.
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