Is Hydroxychloroquine effective for covid-19 virus? - definition -side effect - risk

Is Hydroxychloroquine/Chloroquine effective for COVID-19 Virus?, Hydroxychloroquine side effects and their risk .

 Every news talk about anti -Malarials and how they are a promising treatment for COVID -19. Some people are too excited about this it's gonna end
the pandemic if only the scientists would get out of the way and some people, on the other hand, are reflexively saying that this definitely works. But science does not work that way. so this chapter I Introduce all the clear things that investigate.

 What is chloroquine/Hydroxychloroquine? ‌

 The two medications making international headlines are Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine. That Quinn names come from the fact that their chemical structure is similar to quinine or as some call it Quinn.Quinine shortage During World war 2 prompted German and US chemists to look for an alternative. So, they Turned to chloroquine which was first synthesized in the 1930s. And since that has some pretty unpleasant side effects, the less -Toxic Hydroxychloquine was introduced in the 1950s.These drugs are not is new, they have been prescribed for malaria and autoimmune conditions.

Hydroxychloroquine and chloroquine are the same categories of drugs. Hydroxychloroquine is a derivative of chloroquine. This medicine also prescribed immune-compromised patients like, Rheumatoid Arthritis, lupus, etc. But this time all scores are recommended for COVID-19 medicine is Hydroxychloqnin. Because chloroquine is too toxic and its have more Side effect.

 We know this time COVID-19 is a large problem in the world and all the countries scientists are continuing much research for inventing any types of drugs or vaccines.They also inventing 69 categories of drugs for COVID-19 and they think it may be work for COVID-19 treatment purpose. Hydroxychloroquine is one of them. Recently France has done a study on 20 COVID-19 positive people and the doctor gives them Azithromycin and chloroquine combine drugs in 20 COVID-19 positive patients and the doctor gives them Azithromycin and chloroquine combine drugs in 20 patients. After medicine, they tested all patient's swab samples. The result is 6 patients are less virus load than other patients. So it proved that this medicine may less be seeding COVID-19 but it's not clear COVID-19 properly in hole body.

 In a word, this time don't have any proper abidance, which is proved that
Hydroxychloroquine is a treatment for COVID-19.

 ICMR ( Indian council of medical Research) to recommend to Hydroxychloquine for profile access. Means, it's recommended for stoped preventing virus infection. They are choosing two categories, these are-

 (a) Asymptomatic Healthcare workers.

 (b) Asymptomatic House hole contact

 Asymptomatic Healthcare workers-This categories among them all Healthcare work, like a doctor, nurses, Technicians, etc, Who treat the patients.

 They take prevent douse on Hydroxychloroquine

 Asymptomatic House hole contact-This category, among them who is contact the COVID-19 positive patients, 

 Like family, neighbors, etc.

 They take prevent does on Hydroxychloroquine for profile access.

 Hydroxychloroquine Side effect:

This medicine create many side effects in your body such as

1) Cough or hoarseness

 2) Headache, Dizziness.

 3) Hair loss and Eye problem.

 4) Vomiting, stomach pain.

NOTE:-This medicine is toxic if you want to take does on

 Hydroxychloroquine,so please consult your doctor otherwise its danger for your body.

 For example- a few days ago, the Arizona couple takes chloroquine without doctor's advice and the result is husband is death and his wife is admitted critical condition in hospital.

 So please take the right way to fight against the COVID-19 virus.

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Effect of COVID -19 in pregnant women | risk of miscarriage or other complications | risk of passing the virus on to her fetus or newborn | can she breastfeed the newborn | risk during delivery if infected with COVID -19 - Pathinfotech

Effect of COVID -19 in pregnant women,What is the risk of becoming very ill with COVID 19?,Does becoming ill withCOVID-19 increase the risk of miscarriage or other complications?,what is the risk of passing the virus on to her fetus or newborn?,If someone is positive of COVID -19, can she breastfeed the newborn?,How can I assure the safety or prevent myself and my baby from COVID -19?,Do we have any risk during delivery if infected with COVID -19?

COVID -19 the disease caused by a new Coronavirus, has rapidly spread globally and is now a pandemic, according to the WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Many pregnant patients have expressed concern, both for themselves and their babies, about the impact of COVID -19 on their health.  

The Centers for Disease Control and Protection (CDC) do not yet know if COVID -19 affects the health of a fetus or a newborn or how it may impact pregnancy and childbirth.

The WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION (WHO) is urging pregnant women to take all possible precautions to reduce their risk of exposure to SARC- COV-2, the virus that causes COVID -19.

* Any pregnant women who experience symptoms of COVID -19 must inform their healthcare providers immediately.


Concern about becoming sick:

What is the risk of becoming very ill with COVID-19?

At this time, little is known about Novel Corona Viruses' impact on pregnant women.
No evidence shows that being pregnant increases a woman's risk for getting COVID 19, or her risk of developing severe symptoms if she has the disease.

Experts think that pregnant women are just as likely as the general public to develop symptoms if infected with the new Coronavirus. Current information suggests symptoms are likely to be mild to moderate, as is true for not pregnant.

The United Kingdom declared pregnant women a vulnerable patient population. However, that statement is not based on any evidence demonstrating increased risk to pregnant women from COVID 19. With the flu , data show pregnant women are likely to experience more serious illness than the general population. Based on this data, some experts are advising caution and suggesting that pregnant women may be vulnerable to more serious illness if they get COVID -19. However, this isn't based on any evidence from COVID 19 cases, but on historical data from other viral infections. 

If pregnant women who are health care providers are concerned about their risk of exposure to COVID 19, We recommend that they discuss their concerns with their supervisor.

Does becoming ill with COVID 19 increase the risk of miscarriage or other complications?

Increase the risk of miscarriage or fetal malfunctions has not been documented in pregnant women who are infected with COVID 19, according to the CDC. Based on the date from other Coronavirus, such as SARC- and MERS, the American College of Observations and Gynecologists note that pregnant women who get COVID 19 may have a higher risk for some complications, such as premature birth. But there is no evidence to prove that preterm birth occurs due to COVID 19.

If someone sick, what is the risk of passing the virus on to her fetus or newborn?

Currently, only a small amount of case studies reporting are available to answer any questions, including this. Most of the women in these cases reports had COVID 19 during the third trimester of pregnancy.

• A study of nine pregnant women who were infected with COVID 19 and had symptoms showed that none of their babies was affected by the virus.

• Another study of 38 women infected with COVID 19 found that none of the newborns tested positive for the disease.

• Two case reports of infants born to mothers infected with SARC-COV-2 demonstrated that the infants had evaluated levels of antibodies to the virus but didn't demonstrate any clinical evidence of infection with the virus.

• Another case report analyzing 33 pregnant women infected with SARC-COV-2 founded with SARC-COV-2 founded that three of their newborns were also infected with the virus and had clinical symptoms of infection, as well as confirmation of COVID 19 infection. It is unclear whether these newborns were infected while in the womb or if these infections were acquired after birth, as the newborns were tested when they were days old. The possibility of vertical transmission has not been ruled out.

The risk of passing the infection to a fetus appears to be very low. Currently, there is no evidence of any fetal malformation or effects due to maternal infection with COVID 19.

If someone is positive of COVID -19, can she breastfeed the newborn?

The WHO encourages mothers with COVID 19 to hold and breastfeed their babies because this close connection is essential for newborns. They also encourage mothers to share a room with their babies. However, these women must follow strict safety procedures.

One of the biggest questions new mothers with COVID 19 may have is whether they should breastfeed their babies. Breast I had many benefits for newborns - it is not only rich in nutrients, but it is also a great source of antibodies and hormones that protect newborns from disease and help them grow strong.

Experts generally recommend that women breastfeed as much as possible. But women with  COVID 19 might worry about passing the virus on their infants.
However, the CDC  state that researchers did not find SARC-COV-2 in the breast milk of women with COVID 19. 
However, women with COVID 19 must take precautions to ensure they do not transmit the virus to their baby when breastfeeding.

Women who plan to breastfeed should wear a face mask and disinfect their hands before touching the baby.

If a woman with COVID 19 plans to pump her breast milk, she must disinfect her hands and the pump before and after each use. Where possible, someone who doesn't have the disease should do the actual feeding.

Some more queries for the audience:

What precaution should be taken by pregnant women to stay safe from coronavirus?

The pregnant ladies have to follow the same precaution that the general person in the public takes for fighting the coronavirus. We have to resort to the same safe practices of frequent have washing maintaining hand hygiene and social distancing. There are no special precautions that apply to the pregnant lady.

Can an infected mother give skin to skin contact with the baby?

Yes, so far it has not been established that the skin contact can transport the virus to the baby and the normal rooming is practices are to be followed in the general population.

How can antenatal visits to the hospital be modified?

Routine visits can be postponed but you have an emergency, please visit the hospital taking all due contact precautions. If you have any suspension, that you may have contacted coronavirus. Suppose you have a history of contact with any suspected person or history of travel. So please inform your health care provider fast.

Should I wear a mask when I go to my antenatal checkup?

You don't need any mask if you are healthy. You need to wear masks anly if you are suffering from respiratory symptoms like cough, cold or flu. Less keep the mask for the people who need if like healthcare providers, who are high risk-taking care people who have suffering from the infection.

Do we need to take any vaccine for COVID -19 in pregnancy?

No vaccine is available for COVID -19, you should take all those vaccines are recommended in pregnancy to make yourself immune against such infection.

Dose pregnant women have a high risk to be infected with COVID -19?

Not known to date because the data available is very less to prove the suspects. Also, pregnancy is a face wear capacity to fight against infection is decreased. Ensure the immunity is very low, so it's better to take the precautions and stay safe on site.

Do we have any risk during delivery if infected with COVID -19?

Yes, we can't be denied the increase risk of complications, which is also the other infection like influenza or any other severe illness.

How can I assure the safety or prevent myself and my baby from COVID -19?

So, for this, you need to take care of five important points. Those are--

a) Assure your hand hygiene.
b) Follow cough etiquettes.
c) Sensible Spacing. 
d) Boosting immunity.
e) Don't panic and take rest.

Summary :

COVID-19 is such a new disease that there is not yet much data about how it affects pregnant women, their fetus, their newborns, and the future health status of these infants and their mothers.

There is, however, a possibility that COVID-19 might increase the risk of preterm birth, although there is no firm evidence to confirm this.

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What happens when you contact the coronavirus | Develop Pneumonia | Coronavirus Vaccine | Testing protocols | ICGEB Researchers -Pathinfotech

This chapter I introduce, what happens in your body when you contact the coronaviruses, what causes your body to develop pneumonia, how would a coronavirus vaccine work, how does the process role out coronaviruses testing in India, Testing protocols, ICGEB Delhi researchers for India.

 This is SARS -COVE-2, it belongs to the family of coronaviruses named for the crown-like spikes on their surfaces. SARS -COVA-2 can cause COVID -19 a contagious viral infraction, the attacks primarily your throat and Lungs.

What happens in your body, when you contact the coronaviruses :-

 The coronaviruses must infect living cells to reproduce let's have a closer look inside the virus genetic material contains the information to make more copies of itself a protein shell provides a hard protective enclosure for the genetic material as the virus travels between the people it infects an outer envelope allows the virus to infect cells by merging with the cells outer membrane projecting from the envelope and spikes of protein molecules both a typical influenza virus and the new coronavirus use their spike-like a key to get inside a cell in your body.

 Where it takes over the cells internal machinery repurposing it to build the components of new viruses. When an infected person talks, coughs, or sneezes, droplets carrying the virus may land in your mouth or nose and then move into your lungs once inside your body. The virus comes in contact with cells in your throat, nose or lungs. One spike on the virus inserts into a receptor molecule on your healthy cell membrane like a key in a lock. This action allows the virus to get inside your cell a typical flu virus would travel inside a sac made from your cell membrane to your cell's nucleus that houses all its genetic material. The coronavirus, on the other hand, doesn't need to enter the host cell nucleus. It can directly access parts of the host cell called ribosomes. Ribosomes use genetic information from the virus to make viral proteins such as the spikes on the viruses surface. A packaging structure in your cell then carries the spikes in vesicles that merge with your cell's other layers. The cell membrane all the parts needed to create a new virus gathered just beneath your cell membrane. Then a new virus begins to butt off from the cell membrane. Now the virus spreading in your body.

                   

What causes the body to develop pneumonia :-

 Each lung has separate sections called lobes. Normally as you breathe air moves freely through your trachea or windpipe. Then through large tubes called bronchi and small tubes called bronchioles and finally into tiny sacs called alveoli. Your airways and alveoli are flexible and springy. When you breathe in each air sac inflates like a small balloon and when you exhale the sacs deflate small blood vessels called capillaries to surround your alveoli. Oxygen from the air you breathe passes into your capillaries and then carbon dai oxide from your body passes out of your capillaries into your alveoli. So that your lungs can get rid of it when you exhale your airways catch most germs in the mucus that lines your trachea bronchi and bronchioles. In a healthy body hair-like cilia lining the tubes constantly push the mucus and germs out of your airways where you might expel them by coughing. Normally cells of your immune system attack viruses and germs that make it past your mucus and cilia and enter your alveoli. However, if your immune system is weakened like in the case of a coronavirus infection the virus can overwhelm your immune cells and your bronchioles and alveoli became inflamed as your immune system attacks the multiplying viruses. The information can cause your alveoli to fill with fluid making it difficult for your body to get the oxygen it needs, you could develop low burn pneumonia. where one lobe of your lungs as affected or you could have bronchopneumonia. That affects many areas of both lung pneumonia may cause difficulty breathing, chest pain, coughing, fever and chills, confusion, headaches, muscle pain, and fatigue. It can also lead to more serious complications respiratory failure occurs when your breathing becomes so difficult that you need a machine called a ventilator to help you breathe. These are the machine save lives and that medical companies currently ramp up production for whether you would develop these symptoms depends on a lot of factors such as your agent whether you already have an existing condition.

How would a vaccine work :-

 While this all sound scary the push to develop a coronavirus vaccine is moving at high-speed studies of other coronaviruses led most researchers to assume that people who have recovered from a SARS -COV-2 infection could be protected from reinfection for a while but that assumption needs to be backed by empirical evidence and some studies suggest otherwise there are several different approaches for a potential vaccine against the coronavirus. The basic idea is that you would get a shot that contains faint versions of the virus. The vaccine would expose your body to a version of the virus that is two weeks to cause infection but just strong enough to stimulate an immune response within a few weeks cells in your immune system would make markers called antibodies. Which would be specific for only the coronavirus or specifically its spike protein antibodies. Then attached to the virus and prevent it from attaching to your cells your immune system then responds to signals from the antibodies by consuming and destroying the clumps of viruses .it you then catch the real virus at a later stage your body would recognize it and destroy it. In other words, your immune system is now bright collecting evidence on whether this will be possible safe and affective is part of what's taking researchers so long to develop a vaccine amid a pandemic each step in vaccine development usually takes months. It, not years and the Ebola vaccine broke records by being ready in five years. The hope here is to develop one for the new coronavirus in a record-breaking 12 to 18 months while all this will take time to stay home if you can to protect the most vulnerable and don't forget to wash your hand for at last 20 seconds and as often as possible.

How does the process role out coronavirus testing in India :-

 In second-largest populated country in the world is India. This time does not have any proper test kit for coronaviruses testing. India using coronavirus testing method PCR is a large time method. India has now disused to open testing of COVID - 19 to privet laboratory. India Govt. approved 22 privet laboratory's for COVID-19 testing and they have 15,500 collection centers in hole India.

Testing Protocols -

•  A prescription by Govt. doctor or a privet doctor mandatory.
•  An identity card is needed for a test.
•  The full disclosure form (44) needs to be signed.
•  Privet labs must disclose results to ICMR ( Indian council of medical researchers).
•  Privet labs can not charge more than 4500 per test. (This amount is more expensive for a common man ).

                                                       

                                 Suspect case 

                 Send clinical samples for testing

Sample test negative -

• Discharge to be Governed by Diagnosis
• Up to the doctor decide
• Monitored for 14 days after contact.

Sample test positive -

• The confirmed case management protocol
• Discharge after chest Radiograph confirmed 
• Discharge after 2 tests turns negative within 24 hours.

ICGEB (International Center of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology) a small researchers for India :-

 ICGEB teams study in five patients and they belong to five different countries, under leadership Dr. Dinesh Gupta. They say every Indian have a genetic micro RNA in their body and this RNA help to fight COVID -19. This micro RNA can not be seen in other country's patient.
 Every alive animal has DNA and RNA. RNA creates a double et DNA gens and smooth flow. RNA also transfer genetic materials in cells and combined different proteins.
 This micro RNA mutant the COVID -19 and COVID -19 can not be explored in a large circle than other counties.

Some examples are proved these researchers -

•  When Wuhan is fully affected in COVID -19, this time India import many people to China but no one is affected by COVID -19.
•  Then 18 Italian tourists come to Rajasthan and they contact thousands of people but on one positive except the driver.
•  Then Kanika Kapor contacts more than 50 people but on one affected COVID -19.

NOTE:- Some scientist is expecting temperatures can somewhat resist the invasion of COVID -19.Its a good news for India.

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COVID - 19 | Origin of the virus | How is it transmitted | The group most at Risk | Coronavirus symptoms | Coronavirus Diagnosis | Coronavirus Treatment

The chapter I introduce to Coronavirus ( COVID-19) are including source, mores, and the new coronavirus are from China. Also discuss, what is a coronavirus, Origin of the virus, How is it transmitted, The group most at Risk, Coronavirus symptoms, Coronavirus Diagnosis, 

How dose PCR testing for COVID  -19 work? ,  Coronavirus Treatment and discuss common sing and syndrome of coronaviruses.

• Coronavirus are a family of RNA virouses in Nidovirales order .
• This virus is a significant viral pathogen in humans and animals.
• In the word coronavirus prefix, corona comes to form the Latin word for crown and due to name for Crown Like the appearance of virus.
• There are four classifications are coronaviruses 

1.  Alpha
2.  Beta
3.  Gamma 
4.  Delta

• Human coronaviruses are alpha and beta coronavirus. So the coronaviruses are talking about are classification to alpha and beta.
• Coronaviruses are a medium size virus that developing a positive-stranded RNA. In coronaviruses are very large viral RNA genome known.

In December 2019, there is a cluster of pneumonia cases in china. Invitation found there is caused by a previously unknown virus. Now Named 2019 Novel coronavirus.

Coronaviruses are large groups of viruses, they consist of the core of genetic material and surround of enveloped with protein spikes.

They are different types of coronaviruses - that caused respiratory and some times Gastrointestinal syndrome.

 Respiratory disease can range from the common cold to pneumonia. Most people the syndrome generally mild disease.

 However, some types of coronaviruses can cause severe disease. These include ---

SARS -COV-2002/2003 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome)

•  Guangdong province of China.
•  It's a Beta coronavirus.
•  Transmitted from bats to civets to humans.
•  Began in February 2003 and the outbreak lasted until July 2003.
•  More than 8000 total cases, 774 deaths.

 MERS -COV-2012 (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)

•  It started in Saudi Arabia.
•  It's a Beta coronavirus.
•  Transmitted from camels to humans.
•  More than 2400 cases, 858 deaths.

 COVID--2019 (Novel coronavirus)

•  Wuhan hubel province of china.
•  The seventh coronavirus found to cause illness in humans.
•  Its a Novel beta coronavirus.
•  Transmitted from snakes but more likely from bats.

 NOTE:- But not sure that exact cause of transmission to the human body and don't have any proper evidence to prove, who is the host for this transmission.

Origin of the virus:

Coronaviruses circulate in a range of animals. Some times of there viruses transmission animals to humans. This is called spillover, it could do a range of factors such as a mutation in the virus or increase contact between humans and animals. For example, MERS - COV from cat .2019 - NCOV Nobel coronavirus is known yet.

How is it transmitted:

 Inexact dynamics yet to be determined in general respiratory viruses are usually transmitted through droplets created in infection person cough or sneeze or sometimes its other contamination with virus.

The group most at Risk: 

 Those in close contact with animals such as az living animals market workers and those are caring for people with an infection such as family members or healthcare workers.

Coronavirus symptoms:

Some numbers of symptoms ranging from mild to severe. That can be fever, respiratory symptoms such as cough and shortness of breath. In more severe cases, there is pneumonia, kidney failure, and Death. The mortality rate is not known yet.

Coronavirus Diagnosis:

This infection can diagnosis by PCR ( Polymerase Chain Reaction). This test identifies the virus paste Genetic fingerprint.

How dose PCR testing for COVID -19 work?

Coronavirus Treatment:

There is no specific medication for viruses and currently no vacation to protect again the virus. Treatment and vacation are in development.

How do you prevent transamination of virus

This new virus currently has limited geographic spread. How ever, these are the number of standard hygienic practices that have been recommended to protect against the infection and further spared.

• Covering mouth and nose by masks, tissue, pocket hanker chief, etc.
•  Avoiding close contact with those who are sick.
•  The appropriated use masks and PPE ( Personal protective equipment) especially in health care settings.
•  Washing hand regularly with sope, water, and alcohol-based hand washing.
•  Avoiding unnecessary contact with animals.
•  Before eating animals product to cook thoroughly.

 NOTE:- Stay home if you feeling unwell and you have a fever, cough difficulty breathing seek medical care early. And insure your previous travel history with your healthcare provider.

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